关于推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新工作的意见
教育部 文化部 国家民族事务委员会
教育部、文化部、国家民委关于推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新工作的意见
教职成[2013]2号
各省、自治区、直辖市教育厅（教委）、文化厅（局）、民（宗）委（厅、局），新疆生产建设兵团教育局、文化局、民宗局：
为贯彻落实党的十八大精神，进一步推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣，更好地为社会主义文化强国建设提供技术技能人才支撑，现就推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新工作提出如下意见。
一、充分认识推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新的重要意义
1．推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新是发挥职业教育基础性作用，发展壮大中华文化的基本要求。文化是民族的血脉，是人民的精神家园。优秀民族文化是我国各民族共有的精神财富。职业教育作为国民教育的重要组成部分，是民族文化传承创新的重要载体。推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新，有利于促进教育思想和教育观念的转变，提高职业院校学生的文化品位、审美情趣、人文素养和技术技能，对于发挥职业教育在文化育人和文化传承创新中的基础作用，将民族文化的传承和发展融入国民教育，不断增强广大师生员工的文化自觉和文化自信，建设优秀传统文化传承体系，弘扬中华优秀传统文化具有重要意义。
2．推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新是提高技术技能人才培养质量，服务民族产业发展的重要途径。我国人文历史悠久，文化资源丰富，民族特色浓郁，发展民族文化产业具有得天独厚的优势。推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新有助于加强职业教育专业建设和内涵发展，创新人才培养模式，加快发展现代职业教育，提高职业教育人才培养质量；有利于促进职业教育人才培养适应产业发展要求，提高相关人才技术技能水平，做大做强民族文化及其相关产业。这对于文化资源向文化资本转变，实现民族产业升级，提高民族特色产品的附加价值，提升民族产业在国际市场上的竞争力将产生积极影响。
二、指导思想和总体目标
3．指导思想。以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，按照中央关于扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设的决策和部署，把推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新作为加快发展现代职业教育的重点工作，明确重点任务，改进工作方法，加强部门协调和组织保障，推动体制机制创新，不断提高职业院校民族文化传承创新能力。
4．总体目标。通过推进职业院校民族文化传承与创新，提高职业院校学生的民族文化素养，进一步提升学校服务社会主义文化发展的能力；创新人才培养模式，提高民族文化相关专业学生，特别是民族地区学生的职业技能，促进就业，提高就业质量；促进职业教育专业结构调整，优化专业布局，推动民族地区职业教育特色发展；推动职业教育与非物质文化遗产传承人才培养相结合；借民族文化之力，培养高素质技术技能人才，为民族特色产业、文化产业发展提供人才支撑。
三、重点任务
5．推动民族文化融入学校教育全过程。推动职业院校把“授业”与“育人”有效结合，把弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化作为教育教学的重要任务，加强校园文化建设，提高学生道德素质，提升学生文化素养，使民族优秀传统文化薪火相传，发扬光大。
6．推动民间传统手工艺传承模式改革。利用职业教育改造民间传统手工艺父子师徒世代相继、口传身授的传承模式，使传承更加规范、系统、科学。推动传统手工技艺与时代发展相结合，与科技进步相结合，与国际市场相结合，提升传统手工艺品的品质，打造中国特色、世界一流的高端手工艺品产业。
7．服务相关民族产业转型升级与发展。鼓励职业院校围绕经济发展方式转变、产业结构调整，创新人才培养模式，努力培养具有文化创新能力的技术技能人才，推进教学成果进入市场，服务民族特色产业、文化产业的转型升级，提高民族产品的附加价值与国际竞争力。
8．加强非物质文化遗产传承人才培养。推动职业教育人才培养与非物质文化遗产传承相结合，围绕非物质文化遗产的传承与保护，调整专业设置，加强专业建设，更新课程内容，创新教学方式，实施对口培养，为非物质文化遗产的传承、创新、研究和管理提供有力的人才保障。
9．促进民族地区专业设置调整与优化。围绕区域民族特色产业、民族文化产业，优化职业教育专业布局，使职业教育专业设置更加符合国情、省情、市情。通过专业设置调整与优化，加强相关专业建设，推动民族地区职业教育走特色发展之路。
四、工作措施
10．优化专业布局，加强专业建设。推动各地和职业院校紧密结合国家重点产业、新兴产业和区域民族特色产业、文化产业的发展需求，调整专业设置，优化专业结构和布局。加强传统手工技艺、民间美术工艺、民族表演艺术等民族文化相关专业建设，研究制订相关专业教学标准，促进专业建设规范化。建设具有显著优势和鲜明特色，能够发挥示范带头作用的民族文化传承与创新示范专业点，推动品牌专业建设。鼓励中高职民族文化相关专业合作办学，推进中高职一体化人才培养。
11．深化教学改革，推进产教融合。相关职业院校要按照生源特点，结合民族特色产业、文化产业发展实际，系统设计、统筹规划民族产业人才培养过程。职业院校要与文化企事业单位共建文化人才培养基地，共同制订专业人才培养方案。积极试行多学期、分段式等灵活多样的教学组织形式，改革教学方法和手段，将学校的教学过程和企业生产过程紧密结合，校企合作共同完成教学任务，推进职业教育与民族特色产业、文化产业发展的双向互动。
12．推进课程改革，提升传承能力。贴近民族特色产业、文化产业岗位实际工作过程，更新课程内容、调整课程结构，推进职业院校民族文化相关专业课程改革。推进相关专业人才培养与非物质文化遗产传承对接。改变单一的传承方式，制定有效的制度化学校教育传承方法，将口传身授的民间民族技艺整理成规范、系统、科学的教学标准和人才培养方案，鼓励学校开发特色课程、精品课程和校本教材，实现非物质文化遗产的科学传承。
13．加强师资建设，提高培养水平。鼓励民间艺人、技艺大师、非物质文化遗产传承人参与职业教育教学。建立非物质文化遗产传承人“双向进入”机制，根据职业院校专业建设和发展需求，聘请非物质文化遗产传承人等担任职业院校兼职教师、专业带头人、学校顾问、名誉院校长等。根据国家关于职业院校岗位设置管理的有关规定，针对民族文化相关专业设立技艺指导大师特设岗位，有条件的职业院校要成立大师工作室，鼓励大师将有关项目、经费带到学校。改善职业院校民族文化相关专业“双师型”教师不足的状况，选派相关专业的优秀教师到文化企事业单位实践，优化专业教师队伍结构。
14．强化行业指导，改革评价机制。加强文化艺术、民族技艺等行业职业教育教学指导委员会的组织和制度建设，进一步提升职业教育行业指导能力，不断提高工作质量和服务水平，做到指导到位、有力，服务专业、有效。推进评价机制的改革，逐步建立社会、行业、企业、教育行政部门和学校等多方参与的职业教育质量评价体系，进一步改革与完善民族文化人才培养和使用相互衔接的多元评价机制。
五、组织保障
15．加强组织领导，健全制度保障。各级教育、文化、民族事务部门应加强对职业院校推进民族文化传承与创新工作的组织领导，制订民族文化人才培养规划，确保责任落实到位。省级教育、文化、民族事务等部门应加大对区域内民族文化发展的统筹，将民族文化人才培养工作纳入本地教育、文化、民族事业发展规划，并支持和督促市（地）、县级政府履行职责，促进民族文化人才培养区域协作。各地应根据本地实际，制定本地区民族文化人才培养的地方性法规和政策，落实非物质文化遗产传承人到职业院校担任兼职教师的相关政策和管理办法，完善兼职教师聘用程序、聘用合同、登记注册、聘用考核等管理环节。
16．加强工作创新，形成协作合力。建立由教育部、文化部、国家民委等部门组成的部际联席会议制度，定期研究民族文化人才培养中出现的新情况，及时解决新问题，积极协调相关部门，出台扶持职业院校民族文化传承与创新工作的相关政策，推动形成有关部门相互协调、相互协助的工作机制，形成合力，共同推动民族文化人才培养工作。
17．加强经费保障，切实加大投入。职业教育经费要向民族文化相关专业建设倾斜，鼓励支持民族、农村地区学生就读民族文化相关专业。推动各地加大对民族文化特色职业院校基础能力建设的投入，积极改善民族文化相关专业办学条件。统筹文化、民族事务等部门教育经费，在专项资金使用中优先投入民族文化职业教育。推动增加中央财政对民族地区职业教育的投入，优先保障少数民族文化发展。
18．加强科学研究，探索机制创新。各级教育、文化、民族事务部门要在民族文化职业教育管理模式、用人机制、人才培养、办学模式、教师选聘等方面加强研究，探索创新机制。探索不同民族文化相关专业建设机制。根据我国不同民族地区的文化特色，探索文化人才特殊的成长规律，为改革民族文化相关专业招生、办学、教学和评价模式提供决策咨询，为民族文化人才培养提供智力支持。通过教研活动和继续教育等方式，促进教师教育观念、业务能力和综合素质不断更新提高，成为民族文化自觉的传承者、建设者和践行者。
教育部 文化部 国家民委
2013年5月15日
关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)（已废止）
对外贸易经济合作部
关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)
1995年4月4日，外经贸部
为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资性公司（以下简称投资公司）。
第一条 本规定中投资公司系指外国投资者在中国以独资或与中国投资者合资的形式设立的从事直接投资的公司。公司形式为有限责任公司。
第二条 申请设立投资公司应符合下列条件：
（一）1、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，申请前一年该投资者的资产总额不低于4亿美元，且该投资者在中国境内已设立了外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过1000万美元，并有三个以上拟投资项目的项目建议书已获得批准，或者：
2、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，该投资者在中国境内已设立了10个以上从事生产或基础设施建设的外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过3000万美元；
（二）以合资方式设立投资公司的，中国投资者应为资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，其资产总额不低于1亿元人民币；
（三）投资公司的注册资本不低于3000万美元。
第三条 申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
（一）设立合资的投资公司的项目建议书、投资各方签署的可行性研究报告、合同、章程；
设立独资的投资公司外国投资者签署的项目建议书、外资企业申请表、可行性研究报告、章程；
（二）投资各方的资信证明文件、注册登记证明文件（复印件）和法人代表证明文件（复印件）；
（三）外国投资者已投资企业的批准证书（复印件）、营业执照（复印件）和中国注册会计师出具的验资报告（复印件）；
（四）投资各方近三年的资产负债表；
（五）外经贸部要求的其他文件。
上述文件除已注明为复印件的，一律应为正式文件。
非法定代表人签署文件的，应出具法定代表人的委托授权书。
委托依法设立的中介机构代为办理申请手续的，应出具由投资者法定代表人签署的委托授权书。
第四条 外国投资者须以可自由兑换的货币作为投资公司注册资本的出资，中国投资者可以人民币出资。出资应在营业执照签发之日起两年内全部缴清。
第五条 投资公司经批准可以经营以下部分或全部业务：
（一）在国家鼓励和允许外商投资的工业、农业、基础设施、能源等领域进行投资；
（二）投资公司可受其所投资企业的书面委托（经董事会一致通过），向其提供下列服务：
1、协助或代理其所投资的企业从国内外采购该企业自用的机器设备、办公设备和生产所需的原材料、元器件、零部件和在国内外销售其所投资企业生产的产品，并提供售后服务；
2、在外汇管理部门的同意和监督下，在其所投资企业之间平衡外汇；
3、协助其所投资企业招聘人员并提供技术培训、市场开发及咨询；
4、协助其所投资企业寻求贷款及提供担保。
（三）投资公司为其投资者提供咨询服务。
第六条 本规定第五条第二款所述投资公司所投资企业系指：
（一）投资公司直接投资或与其他外国投资者和／或中国投资者共同投资，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的出资占所投资设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业；
（二）投资公司将其投资者或其关联公司及其他外国投资者在中国境内已投资设立的企业的股权部分或全部收购，而使投资公司以及其他外国投资者的出资额占该已设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业。
除经外经贸部特殊批准，投资公司只能为以上所述的其所投资设立的企业提供第五条第二款所规定的服务。
投资公司不能代替其投资者在中国从事贸易中介服务。
第七条 经中国人民银行批准，投资公司可向其所投资设立的企业提供财务支持。
第八条 根据投资公司拟设立的项目性质，按照国家有关外商投资企业经营期限的规定核定投资公司的期限。
第九条 投资公司投资设立企业，按外商投资企业的审批权限及审批程序另行报批。
第十条 投资公司投资设立企业，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的外汇投资比例不低于其所投资设立企业的注册资本的25％的，其所投资的企业享受外商投资企业待遇，发给外商投资企业批准证书和外商投资企业营业执照。
第十一条 符合本规定第二条第（一）款第1项所规定条件的外国投资者可以其全资拥有的子公司的名义出资设立投资公司。
第十二条 申请设立投资公司的投资者须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其所设立的投资公司在中国境内投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
以全资拥有的子公司的名义设立投资公司的，其母公司须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其子公司按审批机关批准的条件完成对其所设立投资公司注册资本的出资并保证该投资公司在中国境内所投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
第十三条 投资公司在中国境内的投资活动不受公司注册地点的限制。
第十四条 投资公司的税收按中国有关法律、法规办理。
第十五条 投资公司应切实履行项目投资计划，并将每一年度的投资情况于下一年度的前三个月内报外经贸部备案。
第十六条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业是彼此独立的法人或实体，其业务往来应按独立企业之间业务往来关系处理。
第十七条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业应遵守中国的法律、法规，不得采用任何手段逃避管理和纳税。
第十八条 台湾、香港和澳门地区的投资者在大陆投资举办投资公司的，准用本规定。
第十九条 本规定由对外贸易经济合作部负责解释。
第二十条 本规定自发布之日起施行。
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Eco-nomic Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by ForeignInvestors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
Whole document
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by Foreign
Investors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce
foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors
are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to
as "investment company") in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and
regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
Article 1
For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "Investment Company"
means a company that is engaged in direct investment and established by
foreign investors in China in the form of either a wholly foreign owned
enterprise or an equity joint venture with Chinese investors. The
investment company shall take the form of a limited liability company.
Article 2
To apply for approval to establish an investment company, the
following conditions shall be fulfilled:
(1)
(a) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
total amount of the investor's assets during the year preceding the
application being no be less than US $ 400 million, and the investor
having already established foreign-invested enterprise (s) within the
territory of China; and the amount of the investor's actually paid-in
capital contribution to the registered capital thereof exceeding US $ 10
million. Furthermore, more than three project proposals of the investor's
intended investment projects have been approved; or
(b) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
investor have already established more than 10 foreign-invested
enterprises in the people's Republic of China which are engaged in
production or infrastructure construction, and the total amount of the
investor's actually paid-in capital contribution to the registered capital
thereof exceeding US $ 30 million.
(2) In case the investment company is to be established in the form of
an Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, the Chinese investor shall have
good creditability and the economic strength necessary for the
establishment of such company, and the total amount of the Chinese
investor's assets shall not be less than RMB100 million. and
(3)the registered capital of the investment company being not be less
than US $ 30 million.
Article 3
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor
shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as "MOFTEC") for examination
and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign
trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province,
autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or
the municipalities specifically listed in the State economic plan in which
the investment company is to be located:
(1) If an investment company is to be established in the form of an
equity joint venture: the project proposal for the establishment of the
investment company, and the feasibility study, contract and articles of
association signed jointly by the parties to the investment company; or
If an investment company is to be established in the form of a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise: the project proposal, the wholly foreign-owned
enterprise application form, the feasibility study and articles of
association signed by the foreign investor.
(2) the creditability certificate for each investing party, the
registration certificate (duplicate) and the legal representative
certificate (duplicate);
(3)the approval certificate (s) (duplicate) for the enterprise (s)
already invested by the foreign investor, the business license (s)
(duplicate) and the capital verification report (duplicate) issued by
certified public accountants registered in China;
(4)the balance sheet of each investing party for the previous 3 years;
and
(5)other documents as required by MOFTEC.
All of the aforesaid documents shall be in the original except those
specified as duplicate.
In case the documents are to be signed by a non-legal representative,
a power of attorney issued by the legal representative shall be submitted.
In case the investor entrusts a lawfully established intermediary for
the application formalities, a power of attorney signed by the legal
representative of the investor shall be submitted.
Article 4
The foreign investor shall make its capital contribution to the
registered capital of the investment company in a freely convertible
currency. The Chinese investor may make its capital contribution in
Renminbi. All the capital contribution shall be paid in full within 2
years after the date of issuance of the business license.
Article 5
An investment company, upon approval, may be engaged in part or all
of the following business:
(1)To invest in fields such as industry, agriculture, infrastructure,
energy, etc., to the extent that foreign investment is encouraged or
permitted by the State;
(2)With written entrustment by enterprises with its investment (with
the unanimous approval by the board of directors), an investment company
may provide the following services for such enterprises:
(a)to assist, or act as agent for such enterprises in purchasing
domestically or overseas the machinery, equipment and office appliances
for their own use, and raw materials, components, and parts as being used
by the enterprises for their own production purpose, as well as to
distribute at both domestic and international markets the products
produced by the enterprises with its investment, and to provide
after-sales services;
(b)to balance foreign exchange revenue and expenditure among the
enterprises with its investment with the consent and under the supervision
of the foreign exchange administration authorities;
(c)to assist the enterprises with its investment in the recruitment
and employment of personnel and to provide technical training, market
development and consulting; and
(d) to assist the enterprises with its investment to seek loans and to
provide guarantees. and
(3)An investment company may provide consulting services for its
investors.
Article 6
For the purpose of Item 2, Article 5 of these regulations, enterprises
with investment from the investment company mean:
(1)the enterprises in which an investment company invests directly or
jointly with other foreign investors and/ or Chinese investors, and the
capital contribution of the investment company or of the investment
company together with other foreign investors, accounts for more than
twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of such enterprises already
established; and
(2)the enterprises already established within the territory of China
in which the capital contribution of the investment company and other
foreign investors account for more than twenty-five per cent of the
registered capital of such an enterprise as a result of purchasing part or
all of the shares from its investors, or its affiliated companies or other
foreign investors.
Unless otherwise specifically approved by MOFTEC, an investment
company can only provide services specified in Item 2, Article 5 hereof
for the enterprises with its investment as described above.
An investment company shall not be engaged in intermediary business
service related to trade in China on behalf of its investor(s).
Article 7
Upon the approval by the People's Bank of China, an investment company
may provide financial support for the enterprises with its investment.
Article 8
The term of operation of an investment company shall be examined and
approved in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the term of
operation of foreign-invested enterprises and on the basis of the nature
of the projects intended to be established by the Investment Company.
Article 9
The establishment of an enterprise in which an investment company
invests shall be separately submitted for approval in accordance with the
limits of approval authorization and the approval procedures for the
examination and approval of foreign-invested enterprises.
Article 10
An enterprise established by an investment company whose foreign
exchange investment solely made or together with other foreign investors
is not less than twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of the
enterprise shall enjoy the treatment of a foreign-invested enterprise, and
be issued a foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate and
foreign-invested enterprise business license.
Article 11
A foreign investor, fulfilling the conditions specified in Article 2
Item 1 (a), may contribute capital to and establish an investment company
in the name of its wholly-owned subsidiary.
Article 12
An investor that applies for approval to establish an investment
company shall submit a guarantee letter to the examination and approval
authorities in which it guarantees the capital contribution to the
registered capital and technology transfer by the investment company to
the enterprise(s) to be established when such investment company invests
within the territory of China.
In case an investment company is established in the name of its
wholly-owned subsidiary, the parent company shall provide such a guarantee
letter to the examination and approval authorities in which it guarantees
the capital contribution to the registered capital of the investment
company to be established by its subsidiary in accordance with the
conditions as approved by the examination and approval authorities, as
well as the capital contribution by the investment company to the
registered capital of and the technology transfer to the enterprise (s) to
be established when it invests within the territory of China.
Article 13
The investment activities by an investment company within the
territory of China shall not be limited to the place of its registration.
Article 14
Matters concerning the taxation of an investment company shall be
handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China.
Article 15
An Investment Company shall actually implement its project investment
plan, and its investment situation of the previous year shall be filed
with MOFTEC within the first 3 months of each year.
Article 16
An investment company and the enterprises established with its
investment shall be legal persons or entities independent of each other.
Their business transactions shall be dealt with as normal business
transaction between independent enterprises.
Article 17
An investment company as well as the enterprises established with its
investment shall abide by the laws and regulations of China, and shall not
escape from being administrated and evade paying taxes by any means.
Article 18
These Regulations are applicable as a measure of reference to
investors from the regions of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao carrying out
investment and establishing investment companies in the mainland.
Article 19
The interpretation of these Regulations shall be vested in the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 20
These Regulations shall be implemented as of the date of their
promulgation.
